ANGELO SALA (BEFORE 1700: LIGHT SENSITIVE MATERIALS)

Angelo Sala ( Before 1700: Light Sensitive Materials )
   The thought that light can influence different substances for example , the suntanning of skin or blurring of material more likely than not been around since early occasions. 
   Thoughts of fixing the pictures found in mirrors or alternate methods of making pictures consequently may likewise have been in individuals' psyches well before anything like photography was created. 
   Be that as it may, there appear to be no authentic records of any thoughts even distantly taking after photography before 1700 , in spite of early information on light-touchy materials and the camera obscura. 
   In 1614 Angelo Sala noticed that daylight will turn powdered silver nitrate dark , and that paper folded over silver nitrate for a year will become dark. 
   We should now speak somewhat around one of Angelo Sala's fundamental spaces of study , and furthermore about Angelo Sala's commitments to the improvement of photography. 
   One of his principle spaces of study concerned compound character and the part of iotas in synthetic change. 
   His analyses with silver nitrate and silver salts were a significant advance in creating the photographic interaction. 
   In 1614 , he exhibited that "powdered silver nitrate is obscured by the sun", just as the paper that was enveloped by it. 
   This disclosure of the sun and its impact on powdered silver nitrate was not upheld and along these lines excused by "regarded" researchers , saying their revelation "had no viable application". 
   Oddly , there is a down to earth application to finding it , the noticeable utilization of silver nitrate in the act of speculative chemistry. 
   Solely after Sala's revelation was joined with the optical works of numerous different physicists , be that as it may , was photography at last developed during the 1830s. 
   His work was a significant advance towards a superior comprehension of synthetic responses and the acknowledgment that a few substances are made out of compound mixes of different substances , which is crucial for the marvel, which creates , loves and makes the photo.

ANGELO SALA

START OF THE CAMERA HISTORY

 Start of Camera History 
A characteristic marvel , known as a camera obscura or pinhole picture , can project a picture (altered) through a little opening on a contrary surface. 
This standard may have been known and utilized in ancient occasions. 
The soonest known set up account of the camera obscura can be found in Mozi's Chinese compositions , tracing all the way back to the fourth century BC. 
Until the sixteenth century, the camera obscura was for the most part used to examine optics and cosmology, particularly to watch sunlight based obscurations securely without making harm the eyes. 
In the second 50% of the sixteenth century , some specialized upgrades were created , a biconvex focal point at the gap (first portrayed by Gerolamo Cardano in 1550) and a stomach confining the opening (Daniel Barbaro in 1568) gave a more clear and more keen picture. 
In 1558, Giambattista della Porta educated the utilization regarding the camera obscura as an attracting help his famous and powerful books. 
Della Porta's recommendation was broadly received by craftsmen and , since the seventeenth century , convenient renditions of the camera obscura were usually utilized - first as a tent , then, at that point as boxes. 
The container type camera obscura was the reason for the main photographic cameras when photography was created in the mid nineteenth century.

Principle of a box camera obscura with mirror

THE MOUSETRAP CAMERA

 THE MOUSETRAP CAMERA

   The so-called Mousetrap camera , used by William Henry Fox Talbot in his early experiments in creating the negative process in the 1830 , is the center-piece of an exhibition entitled Kingdom of Elegance , Mahogany and Brass which shows off early cameras from the UK's photographic industry.

Who Was William Henry Fox Talbot?

 Who Was William Henry Fox Talbot?

He was an English writer and Scientist, Pioneer of Photography.

   He was educated at Trinity College (Cambridge).

   He used the dark camera for drawings on his travels.

   Talbot was a much more discreet and collected man than Daguerre.

   He had been researching the fixation of the dark camera image for some time.

   Extremely erudite, with multiple investigative interests, his knowledge extended from mathematics, an area in which he was an expert, to oriental languages, passing through Physics and Chemistry.

   Shortly after the French Government announced Daguerre's invention, Talbot claimed the priority of his invention in a report to the Royal Society, called "Some reports on the art of Photogenic Design", the process by which natural objects can be achieved reproduce by themselves ”.

   Unlike Daguerre, the publication of this report was private and very limited, restricted to fellow scientists at the Academy.

   Talbot began his photographic research, trying to obtain contact copies of silhouettes of leaves, feathers, lace and other objects.

   The paper was dipped in nitrate and silver chloride and after drying, made its contact with the objects, obtaining a dark silhouette.

   Finally, the paper was fixed flawlessly with ammonia or a concentrated salt solution.

   Sometimes, potassium iodide was also used.

   South gallery window of Locock Abbey Abbey.

   In the year 1835, Talbot built a small wooden camera, only 6.30 cm², which his wife called "mousetrap".

   The camera was loaded with silver chloride paper, and according to the lens used, it was necessary between half and one hour of exposure.

   The negative image was fixed in table salt and subjected to contact with another sensitive paper.

   Thus, the copy was positive if the lateral inversion.

   The best known shows the window of the Locock Abbey Abbey Library, considered the first photograph obtained by the negative / positive process.

The Calotype

 The Calotype

   It is a process of fixed, discovered by Talbot, which caused non-exposed particles of silver iodide to be insensitive to light, thus avoiding the total blackening of the plate. 

   He called it Calotype, required exhibitions of about 30 seconds to get an adequate image in the negative.

   Talbot will take an important step in the story by publishing in 1844 the first printed book with photographs. 

   "The Pencil of Nature", who tries to make known the calowpe and photography in society, also explaining how he has made the photographs.

   With the Calotype, two characteristics of the current photograph are born: its low economic cost and the possibility of taking copies. 

   The calowpe uses a paper with a layer of silver nitrate and gallic acid that is revealed with sodium hyposulphite.

   In this picture is possible to watch the First Negative, direct , not by contact, view of the window of your house. 

   Discovery made by Fox Talbot, 1835.

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Photography Camera Version Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (The Daguerretype) (1839)

 The Photography Camera Version Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (The Daguerretype) was presented to the public in Januray 7 , 1839

Photography Camera Version Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1816)

    A box with a lens adapter on a hole , projecting on the back an inverted image of the outside view , May of 1816 .

The First Test Of Photo With The “Daguerreotype Method" (1838)

     The first Test of Photo with the “Daguerreotype Method" , was made by Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre , in the year of 1838 , is possible to watch , how the image was better and most clear with his new method , right now , is possible , for first ance ,  is possible to watch some woman in the window in the top by the fund of building in the left side , and in the inferior right side is possible to watch a Shoeshine that polish a boots of some man.

Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre And The “Daguerreotype Method" To Do Photos

    Later , in the year of 1829 , Joseph Nicéphore Niépce knew Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre , and they began a partnership , to try to improve the quality of photo and camera , but unfortunately Joseph Nicéphore Niépce passed away , so Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre , was obliged to go on alone , with the project of to improve the quality of phot and camera.

   Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre was born in 18 November 1787 in Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Val-d'Oise , France , better known as Louis Daguerre , he was a a French artist and photographer, recognized for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography. 

  He became known as one of the fathers of photography. Though he is most famous for his contributions to photography, he was also an accomplished painter and a developer of the diorama theatre.

   With the idea , about to improve the quality of camera and photo , Louis Daguerre developed a sistem that come be known as Daguerreotype.

  Finaly , in the year of 1839 Louis Daguerre , comes in front of French Academy of Sciences' Members and  French Acadamy of Arts'Members with your new invention , or better a camera developed  with the Daguerreotype , some method, developed for himself , Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.

     So the art of to make photos and quality of cameras , were improved with the Daguerreotype's Method.

   Right now , lets write about the new camera , the version with the Daguerreotype's Method , that was developed for Louis Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.

   The first Photographic Camera, Version Daguerreotype Method was presented in 1839 at the French Academy of Science, by the French Lois Jacques Mandé Daguerre , his invention was called “Daguerreotype”.

  Was the on my opinion , the second kind of Photography Camera , if we regard , that the first one was developed for Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.

  Ok , let's come back to write about the Lois Jacques Mandé Daguerre , and your invention.

  The Daguerreotype was a box, in which a silver and polished copper plate was placed, which was subjected to iodine forming a layer of silver iodide.

   This plaque was placed inside the invention and was exposed to light for several minutes.

   After exposure, it was revealed in heated mercury vapor, which adhered to the material in the parts where it had been sensitized by light, thus forming the image.

    This process was called by Daguerre as “Daguerreotype”.

    Few people regard that the camera , with the “Daguerreotypy was the first kind of camera , but as I wrote before , I am not agree with this , but right now , the world passed to have a new and better kind of Camera with the “Daguerreotype Method" of to do photos.

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THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPHY CAMERA THAT MADE PICTURES WITH HELIOGRAPHY

 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the creator of photo , he used a camera that was made for the  Charles and Vincent Chevalier from Paris , they made a camera , with the Niépce's Engineering , they use the Niépce's Procidement or better they used Heliography.

   What is Heliography?

   Heliography , is is a Photographic Process created by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.

   The Heliographic Image was made with a silver plate and covered with a photosensitive oil derivative called Bitumen of Judea, being able to spend about 8 hours in the sun exposure.

   The process has low capture speed and poor image quality.

   Or better , the first way to make pictures , was the way of Heliography by camera.

   In this picture below this text is possible to watch a Cardeal Georges D'Amboise'S Picture , that was made by Heliography.

Nicephore Niépce And Curiosities Of The History Of Photography

 In spite of the fact that Nicéphore Niépce - 1765-1833-is viewed as the dad of photography, it ought to be noticed that, as this development is the consequence of numerous endeavors in the field of physical science and science tried simultaneously in various nations, additionally Fox Talbot and Hippolyte Bayard has the right to share that schooling. 

Lithography, created in Germany by Aloysius Senefelder in 1796, which comprises of drawing on a unique stone with a kind of oily paint that is washed in weakened corrosive and fixes the drawing, permitting to get a lot of proof on paper. 

In his first trials, Nicéphore Niépce masterminded, at the lower part of a dim chamber, pieces of paper emulsified with silver salts, which darken under the activity of light. Niépce at that point acquired, in May 1816, the principal proliferation of a picture of nature, a photograph taken from his window. It was a negative, yet the picture won't be fixed, on the grounds that with a lot light, the paper winds up obscuring totally. He calls these pictures "retines". 

In 1823, Niépce explored different avenues regarding lithography and therefore supplanted it with another strategy more appropriate for supporting the photographic picture: heliography. 

In 1826, he took the first and most established known photo. It is obvious that the nature of the picture, gathered from the top of Niépce's home, isn't acceptable, however its recorded worth is undeniable, as it is the first that shows up to us, taken in 1826. It is realized that a couple of years prior, the researcher made at any rate three different endeavors, albeit the outcomes stayed extraordinary. To get his celebrated photo, a sheet made of a compound of tin, zinc and lead, known as tin, was utilized. The leaf was covered with an answer of lavender oil and bitumen from Judea. This combination would have the property of securing adequate hardness in contact with light. The creator named his photographic strategy for heliography. 

Nicéphore Niépce's advantage in printing pictures has an extremely inquisitive root. This French designer and creator, extremely intrigued predominantly in getting specific kinds of transport motors, was a horrendous artist and his work required a technique that would permit him to catch reality as it was and, obviously, in light of the fact that he didn't confide in his own quality, he I needed to track down the correct framework. 

In the same way as other people who attempted before him, the issue for Niépce was that he couldn't acquire the forever certain pictures, until he attempted the bitumen from Judea. His first displays endured five days and it required some investment to drop them off at the eight-hour Window View at Le Gras. 

In 1829, Joseph Niépce joined Louis Daguerre, and they emulsified glass plates, creating them with oil fumes, acquiring better outcomes, more limited openness times, tones and nitty gritty shadows.

The First Known Photo

 The First Known Photo

This first image, in 1826, which Nicephore Niépce called "point de vue", point of view, is a direct impression of reality, different from plants, images on paper using the camera obscura.

The image was taken on a tin plate - a film, lead and tin alloy, after an eight-hour exposure. He did it after working with five walnut chambers, the diaphragm went from cardboard to iris discs, used scales and bellows devices, using continuous paper, the precursor of the coil, in one of the chambers. It was taken by the father of the photograph of the window of his house in the commune of the department of Doubs, in the French Burgundy.

Frederick Scott Archer

   Later Joseph Nicéphore Niépce , a English Sir , with the name Frederick Scott Archer refined , the method to reveal photos , with the photographic Collodion Process.

  Let's know a little about the Frederick Scott Archer 'S Life.

  Scott Archer was the second child of a butcher in Bishops Stortford in Hertfordshire who went to London to accept an apprenticeship as a goldsmith and silversmith with a Mr Massey of 116 Leadenhall Street.

   On the proposal of Edward Hawkins he prepared at the Royal Academy Schools a stone worker and discovered calotype photography valuable as a method of catching pictures of his models. 

  Disappointed with the helpless definition and differentiation of the calotype and the long openings required , Scott Archer imagined the new interaction in 1848 and distributed it in The Chemist in March 1851, empowering photographic artists to consolidate the fine detail of the daguerreotype with the capacity to print various paper duplicates like the calotype. 

   In distributing his revelation, he did so purposely without first licensing it , giving it as a blessing to the world.

   As a stone worker he displayed at the Royal Academy from 1836 until 1851. 

   He kicked the bucket ruined, as since he didn't patent the collodion interaction he brought in next to no cash from it.[3] An eulogy portrayed him as "an exceptionally subtle honorable man, in chronic weakness." 

   His family gotten an endowment of £747 after his passing, raised by open membership, and a little benefits was additionally given to help his three kids after the demise of their mother.

   The Royal Photographic Society has a little assortment of Scott Archer's photos; some are likewise held in the Victoria and Albert Museum. 

   Toxophilite passed on 1 May 1857 of an innate cystic sickness of the liver which had tormented him for his most recent 11 weeks and is covered at Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

 (7 March 1765 – 5 July 1833),[1] normally referred to or alluded to just as Nicéphore Niépce, was a French creator, generally credited as the designer of photography and a pioneer in that field.[2] Niépce created heliography, a strategy he used to make the world's most established enduring result of a photographic interaction: a print produced using a photoengraved printing plate in 1825.[3] In 1826 or 1827, he utilized a crude camera to deliver the most established enduring photo of a true scene. Among Niépce's different innovations was the Pyréolophore, the world's first inside burning motor, which he considered, made, and created with his more established sibling Claude Niépce.[4]

The History Of Photography (1)

 Photography, as we know it today, began in the late 1830s in France. 

   Joseph Nicéphore Niépce used a portable camera obscura to expose a pewter plate coated with bitumen to light. 

  Niépce's success led to a number of other experiments and photography progressed very rapidly.